The Life of the Messenger of God in Chronological Order
Mecca Period
569
-The birth of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) (June 17, Monday). Another possible date is April 20, 571.
-He was given to Halima to be suckled and weaned.
574
-Halima brought him back to Mecca to his mother, Amina.
575
-Amina died. Abdul Muttalib, his grandfather, assumed custody.
577
-Abdul Muttalib died. His uncle Abu Talib became his guardian.
578
-First trip to Syria with Abu Talib.
589 (?)
-Took oath for Hilf al-Fudul (Pact of Excellence).
594
-He led Khadija’s trade caravan to Busra.
-Marriage with Khadijah.
605
-Arbitration between different clans in the crisis of restoring the Black Stone to the Ka’ba.
610
-The first revelation in the cave of Hira in the month of Ramadan (the first five verses of chapter al-Alaq).
613
-First public call to Islam. He invited his nearest of kin to the faith.
614
-Pagans of Mecca started torturing weak Muslims.
615
-First emigration in Islam. Some Companions set off to Abyssinia.
616
-Second emigration to Abyssinia.
-Hamza and Umar embraced Islam
-Pagans started a social and economic boycott to the clan of the Prophet
619
-Boycott ended.
620
-The year of sadness. Khadija and Abu Talib died.
-Visited Ta’if to teach Islam.
-A group of pilgrims from Medina (then Yathrib) met the Prophet and embraced Islam.
621
-The miracle of the Ascension (Miraj) and the prescribed daily prayers commanded.
-First Aqabah Pledge with a group from Medina and the assignation of Mus’ab ibn Umayr by the Prophet to teach Islam there.
622
-Second Aqabah Pledge.
Medina Period
622
-Muslims started emigration to Medina.
-Meccan leaders plotted to murder the Prophet.
-The Prophet emigrated to Medina with Abu Bakr.
-The building of Masjid al-Nabawi (the Prophet’s Mosque) started.
-Adhan, call to prayer, introduced.
623
-Brotherhood established between the Emigrants and Helpers (muahat).
-The Medina Contract drawn and the borders of the city determined.
-A marketplace established in the city.
624
-Direction of prayer changed from Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem to Ka’ba in Mecca.
-Obligatory fasting in Ramadan started.
-The Battle of Badr.
-Marriage with Aisha.
-Ali married Fatima, the Prophet’s daughter.
-Festivities of Ramadan and sacrifice observed for the first time.
-Prescribed alms (the Zakah) commanded.
625
-The Battle of Uhud.
-Alcohol forbidden.
627
-Census in Medina.
-The Battle of the Trench.
628
-Hudaybiya Peace Treaty and the revelation of the chapter al-Fath
(conquest).
-Letters sent to emperors of the Byzantium and Sassanian Empires, as well as to the rulers of other neighboring countries.
-Ashama, the Negus (king) of Abyssinia, embraced Islam.
-Expedition to Khaybar.
-Zainab bint Harith attempted to poison the Prophet.
629
-Khalid ibn al-Walid, Amr ibn As, and Uthman ibn Talha embraced Islam.
-The Battle of Mu’tah.
-Hudaybiya Peace Treaty violated by Meccan pagans.
630
-The conquest of Mecca.
-The Battle of Hunayn.
-Funeral for Ashama observed by the Prophet in absentia.
The Life of the Prophet in Chronological Order 363
-The Battle of Tabuk.
-A second letter of invitation to Islam sent to Heraclius, the emperor of Byzantium.
-Ka’b ibn Zuhayr (the poet of Ode to the Mantle) embraced Islam.
The Prophet gave his mantle as a gift to him.
631
-Death of Abdullah ibn Ubay, a prominent hypocrite.
-The Haj, major pilgrimage, commanded.
-A committee of Christians from Najran visited the Prophet.
-The Prophet took a twenty-day spiritual retreat in Ramadan and recited the Qur’an twice with Gabriel.
-Musaylima, the liar, asserted a self-claimed Prophethood.
632
-The Farewell Pilgrimage and sermon.
-The Messenger of God passed away, Monday, June 8 (Rabi al-Awwal 13).
